Earth Science Topic Outline-working draft. P.S. 2009
Topic 1 - Introduction to Earth’s Changing Environment.
Terms and concepts--Observation, Inference, density, mass, volume, measurement, percent error, graphing skills, graphic relationships (direct, inverse, cyclical and no effect), anomaly of water, rate of change, dynamic equilibrium, classification, interface, natural resources, and pollution. (http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/anmlies.html)
Textbook- Chapter 1
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Topic 2- Measuring Earth.
Terms and concepts--Size and shape of the Earth, Earth spheres (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere asthenosphere), coordinate systems, latitude and longitude, equator, prime meridian, mapping skills, gradient, altitude, Polaris rule, topographic maps, contour lines, magnetic declination, contour interval, compass rose, hachured lines, profile. (http://youth.net/eratosthenes/welcome.html)
Textbook- Chapters 2,3
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Topic 3 and 4 - Earth in the Universe.
Terms and concept--Big Bang Theory, comets, asteroids, meteorites, galaxy, universe, Redshift, Doppler Effect, ellipses, eccentricity, foci, major axis, gravitation, inertia, planets-Terrestrial and Jovian, rotation, revolution, moon phases and moon cycles, eclipses-solar and lunar, tides-neap and spring, stars, nuclear fusion, luminosity, black holes, star cycles, History of astronomy- geocentrism and heliocentrism, Kepler’s Laws, Foucault pendulum, telescopes, Coriolis Effect, constellations, ecliptic, time- solar and local, time zones, right ascension, declination and precession, axis and terminator, apparent diameter vs. actual diameter.
http://cass.ucsd.edu/public/tutorial/History.html
(http://www.spacedaily.com) , http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoN53QpGXaQ&feature=PlayList&p=F23040B4F39DC0C4&index=4
(http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/kepler.html)
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/crls.rxml
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcPs_OdQOYU
Textbook- Chapters 25,26,27,28
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Topic 5 and 6– Energy in Earth processes. Insolation and seasons
Terms and concepts—Energy, Electromagnetic energy, wavelength, frequency, amplitude, normal, Speed of light, transverse wave, compression wave, visible light, ultra violet, infra red, microwave, constant, spectrum, diffraction, refraction, convection , radiation, conduction, heat transfer, heat flow, insulation, texture, absorption, reflection, methane, carbon dioxide, water vapor, radiometer, heat energy, convection cell, calorimeter, source, sink, energy transformation, matter and energy conservation, temperature, calorie, specific heat, change of state, Kelvin, Fahrenheit , Celsius, freezing, vaporization, melting, condensation, sublimation, latent heat, change of state of water graph, slope, nuclear decay, solar energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, geothermal energy, fossil fuels. Insolation, Solar radiation, reradiation, intensity of insolation, angle of insolation, angle of incidence, reflection, scattering, aerosols, transpiration, texture, Greenhouse effect, Global warming, planetary overheating, vertical ray of the sun, seasons, equinoxes, solstices, duration of insolation, altitude of the noon sun, thermal equilibrium, heat budget, ice ages, El Nino, monsoon, La Nina, sunspots, deforestation, vhttp://www.oar.noaa.gov/k12/html/greenhouse2.htmolcanism, pollution, Keyoto Accord. (http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/greenhouse/) (http://www.oar.noaa.gov/k12/html/greenhouse2.htm) (http://mindprod.com/environment/kyoto.html)
Textbook—Chapters 19, 20
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Topic 7 and 8 --Weather and Climate
Terms and concepts—elements of weather, weather instruments- thermometer, anemometer, barometer, weather vane, sling psychrometer, station models, wind, wind direction and speed , coriollis effect, planetary winds, hurricanes, tornados, storm tracks,, temperature, air pressure, pressure gradient and wind relationship, millibars, relative humidity, dew point, absolute humidity, cloud types-stratus, cumulus, cumulonimbus, cirrus, precipitation, condensation, condensation nucleus, evaporation, aerosols, per cent cloud cover, adiabatics, orographics, high pressure systems-anticyclones, low pressure systems-cyclones, atmosphere, troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, exosphere, water vapor and air pressure relationships, jet streams, El Nino, La Nina, monsoons, ocean currents, global warming, planetary overheating, Greenhouse Effect, Greenhouse gasses, weather maps, isobars, isotherms, synoptic maps, source regions, fronts-warm, cold ,stationary, occluded, forecasts,
The NOAA's National Weather Service website is the best weather site on the web in my opinion. Once you learn how to make your way around the site, you will have access to a load of weather information, including forecasts, radar, and alerts for the U.S.http://www.weather.gov/Most other websites, the Weather Channel, and local news stations get their information from the National Weather Service.Here are some other sites that may be of interest to you...http://www.wunderground.com/http://www.intellicast.com/ http://www.weather.com/http://www.spc.noaa.gov/http://weather.unisys.com/http://www.accuweather.com/index.asp?par…
Textbook- Chapters 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
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Topic 8—Water and Climate.
Terms and Concepts—Water cycle, Earth’s water distribution, water table, saturation, infiltration, runoff, permeability, porosity, graphic relationships, sorting vs, unsorting of soil particles, capillarity, stream discharge, flooding, water budgeting, usage, recharge, surplus, deficit, capillary fringe, zones of subsurface water, climate factors, climate ratios ( arid, subarid, humid, subhumid), orographics, climate change.
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming.html
http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/earth/4314447.html
http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&VideoID=42941331
http://www.metacafe.com/watch/559540/water_shortage/
http://ag.arizona.edu/AZWATER/awr/dec99/Feature2.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNxPLTzGkyM
Textbook Chapter- 13
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Topic 9 and 10--Weathering and Erosion and Deposition.
Terms and Concepts—Physical weathering,-plant action, frost action, abrasion, pressure unloading, Chemical weathering- oxidation, hydration, carbonation, rate of weathering variables, climate and weathering factors, surface area vs. rate of weathering, soil types and development, Agents of erosion-glaciers, running water, wind, gravity, humans, stream-river dynamics- inside or outside curve, age of stream vs. shape, flood plains, meanders, white water, speed of water vs, particles sizes eroded, v-shaped valleys, u – shaped valleys, glacial features, moraine, drumlins, cirques, erratics, Garvies Point field trip, wave action, shoreline dynamics and features, watersheds, tributaries, deltas, geosynclines, barrier islands, kettle lakes, outwash, sand dunes, sandbars, sorting of sediments.
http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/earthsci/units/weathering/index.cfm
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g112/mass_wasting.html
Textbook- Chapters 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16
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Topic 11- Minerals and Rocks.
Terms and Concepts—Mineral properties-cleavage, fracture, hardness, streak, color, crystal shape, mineral tests, tetrahedrons, monomineralic rocks, rocks, sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, formation of rocks, rock cycle, identification of rocks and minerals, reference table charts, earth composition and history, fossils, cooling rates vs. crystal size or texture, mineral resources, fossil fuels,
http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/rocks.html
http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/jmresources/rocks/links.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/J002289/
http://www.rocksforkids.com/RFK/Rocks&Minerals.html
Textbook- Chapters 5, 6
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Topic 12- Earth’s Dynamic Crust and Interior.
Terms and Concepts—Asthenosphere, continental crust, oceanic basalt, convergence, divergence, Reference table, earthquake, volcanoes, Ring of Fire, triangulation, epicenter, focus, P and S waves, hot spots, plate boundaries, fault lines, Hawaii, submergence, emergence, subduction, uplift, folding, faulting, jointing, seismology, earthquake times- origin, travel time, arrival time, magnitude, Richter Scale, Mercalli Scale, tsunamis, Earth interior, Moho discontinuity, Lithosphere, athenosphere, cores, mantle, Plate Tectonics, Continental Drift, Pangea, ridges, trenches, island arcs, plate boundaries, rock age.
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Continents.shtml
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/earthquakes/preview.weml
http://hsv.com/scitech/earthsci/quake.htm
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/locating.html
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Navigation/1-what-is-triangulation.html
Textbook- Chapters 7, 8, 9
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Topic 13- Interpreting Geologic History.
Terms and Concepts—Dating techniques-relative dating, correlation, bedrock, depositional layers, principle of superposition, uniformitarianism, law of original horizontality, absolute dating-radioactive decay, half-life, parent , daughter, carbon dating, fossils, index fossils, volcanic ash, outgassing, iridium, isotopes, uranium 238 (RT), unconformities, law of intrusions, extrusions, law of faulting, jointing, contact metamorphism, geologic time scale. Evolution of earth and life.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/cardat.html
http://www.howstuffworks.com/carbon-14.htm
http://marlimillerphoto.com/images.html
http://www.chemcool.com/earth%20science/EH%20aim%202.pdf
Textbook- Chapters 17, 18,
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Topic 14—Landscape Development and Environmental Change.
Terms and Concepts—mountains, plateaus , plains, landscape region, ridges, stream drainage patters, uplifting forces, leveling forces, weathering and ersosion, equilibrium, isostasy, resistance to weathering and erosion, generalized landscape regions of NY state (RT), Glaciers, running water, wind.
http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/isostasy1/#What
http://www.jamestown-ri.info/acadian.htm
http://outdoors.webshots.com/photo/2917920720043154927yISUSP
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/geology/sgeo/slide_21.htm
Textbook- Chapter 15
